MoDOT administers federal and state funding for airport maintenance and capital improvements. Other duties include airport safety inspections, maintaining a state airport system plan, and providing airfield safety equipment.

MoDOT provides financial and technical assistance to public transit and specialized transit providers across the state, carried out through state and federal programs for both general public transportation and programs serving seniors and persons with disabilities.

The MoDOT Multimodal Division administers the state’s railroad program. This program includes freight rail regulation, passenger rail, light rail safety regulation, highway/rail crossing safety, rail/highway construction, and railroad safety inspection and outreach.

MoDOT encourages freight development to promote a more Prosperous Missouri.  The agency seeks ways to enhance system capacity and evaluate performance of the state system include rail, air, waterways and pipelines.

The waterways unit assists authorized cities and counties in forming port authorities to foster use of Missouri's navigable rivers to make low-cost waterborne transportation benefits available to business.